美國(guó)中美研究中心高級(jí)研究員蘇拉布·古普塔表示，中國(guó)綠色產(chǎn)品憑借強(qiáng)大的創(chuàng)新能力和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力處于全球領(lǐng)先地位，“擁有實(shí)實(shí)在在的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)”。他反駁了耶倫此前在佐治亞州諾克羅斯市造訪一座光伏電池工廠時(shí)的言論，并認(rèn)為美國(guó)政府的做法帶有雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和保護(hù)主義的色彩。

日前，美國(guó)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)珍妮特·耶倫在造訪該光伏電池工廠時(shí)竟稱，中國(guó)新能源行業(yè)存在“產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩”問(wèn)題，造成全球價(jià)格和生產(chǎn)模式扭曲，損害了美國(guó)企業(yè)和工人利益。耶倫說(shuō)，她對(duì)中國(guó)新能源行業(yè)“過(guò)剩產(chǎn)能外溢至全球感到擔(dān)憂”。此番無(wú)端指責(zé)遭到輿論批駁。

Sourabh Gupta, a senior fellow at the Institute for China-American Studies in Washington, said the large-volume green products China was providing more cheaply than others "will go a long way to facing down the climate challenge, especially as these products go mainstream in developing countries where the vast body of humanity lives".
古普塔稱，中國(guó)以更便宜的價(jià)格提供的大量綠色產(chǎn)品“在廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家成為主流，極大助力全球應(yīng)對(duì)氣候挑戰(zhàn)”。

"Even more impressive than the provision of these large-volume, low-price green products is the Chinese government's resolve to stand behind and support the creation of markets at scale for these products, such that many renewables and green products are cost-competitive today or likely to be cost-competitive soon with the more emissions-heavy products that dominate the marketplace currently."
古普塔稱，“更令人欽佩的是，中國(guó)政府還決心扶持綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)開辟大規(guī)模市場(chǎng)，使得中國(guó)的清潔能源和綠色產(chǎn)品如今已經(jīng)具備成本競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，或者很快就能與目前主導(dǎo)市場(chǎng)的高排放量的產(chǎn)品一爭(zhēng)高下。”

Yellen has her reasons for leveling the allegations against China regarding overcapacity and dumping in foreign markets, Gupta said. "China is moving away from that overinvestment model, but the level of domestic savings remains excessively high. As such, there are understandable fears that these savings will macroeconomically manifest themselves in the form of domestic overproduction dumped overseas in export markets.
古普塔稱，耶倫對(duì)中國(guó)提出的產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩和外國(guó)市場(chǎng)傾銷指控是因?yàn)椤爸袊?guó)正在改變過(guò)度依賴投資的模式，但其國(guó)內(nèi)存量產(chǎn)能仍然較高。因此，有人擔(dān)心這些存量產(chǎn)能將在宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)上表現(xiàn)為產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩和海外傾銷”。

"Of course, balanced against this argument is the fact that China enjoys real comparative as well as competitive advantages in many of the product groups which it is now being accused of dumping," Gupta said, pointing out that China's lead in EVs and the battery sector is the result of innovation and highly competitive capabilities.
“但相對(duì)應(yīng)的，我們也要看到中國(guó)在許多被指控傾銷的產(chǎn)品類別中確實(shí)擁有實(shí)實(shí)在在的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。” 古普塔表示，中國(guó)在新能源汽車和電池行業(yè)處于領(lǐng)先地位，是因其創(chuàng)新能力和強(qiáng)大的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

The Chinese government was wise, via its industrial policy planning, to be an early mover to incubate these industries of the future at scale, he said. "Yellen's statements and the Joe Biden administration's approach involve double standards and protectionism. There is also more complexity."
他表示，中國(guó)政府通過(guò)其明智的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策規(guī)劃，成為大規(guī)模孵化未來(lái)產(chǎn)業(yè)的先行者。而耶倫的言論和美國(guó)政府的做法，則帶有雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和保護(hù)主義的色彩，這當(dāng)中存在更加復(fù)雜的原因。

The US has already found additional ways to exclude Chinese goods from its marketplace, he said, whether via the import route or the foreign direct investment route, drawing on its "foreign entity of concern" rules contained in the CHIPS Act, the Inflation Reduction Act, and the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law.
古普塔稱，美國(guó)已經(jīng)找到了更多方法將中國(guó)商品排除在市場(chǎng)之外，這些方法既涉及進(jìn)口，也涉及外國(guó)直接投資。美國(guó)利用《芯片與科學(xué)法案》《通脹削減法案》以及《基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資和就業(yè)法案》中所謂的“受關(guān)注外國(guó)實(shí)體”實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目的。

"These rules will be enforced aggressively. That said, the latter two pieces of legislation do contain exemption pockets to enable qualifying China-originating components or licensed items to enter the US marketplace, particularly where alternatives to Chinese content in these green products and industries of the future do not exist. But by and large, the US goal is to minimize the scope of such content and, over the longer run", eliminate or desensitize these supply chains of China-originating content.
他指出，"這些規(guī)定將得到嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行。盡管后兩項(xiàng)立法確實(shí)包含豁免條款，允許符合條件的原產(chǎn)于中國(guó)的零部件或特許產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入美國(guó)市場(chǎng)，尤其是在綠色產(chǎn)品和未來(lái)產(chǎn)業(yè)中不存在中國(guó)產(chǎn)品的替代品的情況下。但總的來(lái)說(shuō)，美國(guó)的目的是最大限度地縮小此類產(chǎn)品的范圍，并 "從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)上"去除或淡化這些源自中國(guó)的產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)鏈。

美國(guó)針對(duì)新能源汽車等制定歧視性補(bǔ)貼政策，將中國(guó)等世貿(mào)組織成員產(chǎn)品排除在外，扭曲了公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，嚴(yán)重?cái)_亂了全球新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈和供應(yīng)鏈，違反了世貿(mào)組織國(guó)民待遇、最惠國(guó)待遇等規(guī)則。為維護(hù)中國(guó)新能源汽車企業(yè)利益和全球新能源汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境，3月26日，中國(guó)就美國(guó)《通脹削減法》有關(guān)新能源汽車補(bǔ)貼等措施訴諸世界貿(mào)易組織爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制。古普塔認(rèn)為，中國(guó)此舉是明智之舉。

US subsidies for EVs clearly violate WTO rules, Gupta said, and it is only a matter of time before a panel in Geneva finds them to violate US multilateral trade commitments.
古普塔表示，美國(guó)的新能源汽車補(bǔ)貼顯然違反了世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則，距離專家組裁定這些補(bǔ)貼違反美國(guó)的多邊貿(mào)易承諾只是時(shí)間問(wèn)題。

編輯：董靜
審校：陳丹妮 萬(wàn)月英