十四屆全國人大二次會議5日上午在人民大會堂開幕。國務院總理李強作政府工作報告。報告中指出，2023年我國國內生產總值增長5.2%，增速居世界主要經濟體前列。新能源汽車產銷量占全球比重超過60%，技術合同成交額增長28.6%，創新驅動發展能力持續提升。

哥斯達黎加前總統顧問奧頓·索利斯認為，中國不僅同時實現了經濟快速增長和大規模減貧，而且其先進的技術優勢和環保產品使其在高品質生產競賽中站穩腳跟，再加上中國巨大的國內市場和高儲蓄率，中國未來將仍是全球經濟增長的重要引擎。

 

 

The dream of every developing country is to eradicate poverty and to achieve a high GDP economic growth rate. As simple and obvious as these two objectives might appear, the fact is that in most countries of the world, in both academia and policy-making circles, there are widely diverging positions on the issue.

每個發展中國家的夢想都是消除貧困，實現GDP的高速增長。盡管這兩個目標可能看起來簡單又明顯，但事實上，在世界的大多數國家，不論是學術界還是決策層，對于經濟增長問題的立場都普遍存在分歧。

 

Should economic growth take priority, relegating poverty reduction policies when a high level of per capita income becomes a reality? Is there a causality relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction? If so, does economic growth per se lead to poverty reduction, rendering the correct trickle-down approach? If poverty reduction is given priority, will that help or hinder economic growth?

在實現人均收入達到高水平之后，是否應該把經濟增長的優先級放在減貧政策之前？經濟增長和減貧之間是否存在因果關系？如果是這樣，通過經濟增長是否就能消除貧困，形成涓滴效應？如果把減貧擺在優先位置，是否會幫助還是會阻礙經濟增長？

 

China did not dwell too much on these issues. China decided to meet the two challenges at once with extraordinary success.

中國沒有在這些問題上過于糾結。中國決定一次同時應對兩個挑戰并取得了巨大的成功。

 

China's economy grew at an average rate of about 10 percent per year for four decades, which allowed it to lift more than 800 million people out of extreme poverty. Its economy became the industrial powerhouse of the world and its mastering of advanced technologies, either adopting from other countries or created locally, generated a substantial competitive edge vis-à-vis both the developed Western economies and the Global South.

四十年來，中國的經濟保持10%的年均增長速度，并讓超8億人擺脫極度貧困。中國成為世界工業強國，中國從其他國家學習或本土研發的先進技術為其帶來了巨大的競爭優勢，無論是相比西方發達經濟體還是發展中經濟體。

 

Unlike most emerging economies China tallies a large domestic market. Given the high rate of household savings, demand can be boosted even without increasing government expenditure.

和大多數新興經濟體不同，中國擁有巨大的國內市場。考慮到中國的高儲蓄率，中國無需增加政府支出便可以刺激需求。

 

China has already won the favor of global markets as far as high-tech and environmentally friendly products are concerned. A quarter of China's manufactured exports are high-tech products. China accounts for about 80 percent of the global market for solar panels and more than 60 percent of wind energy production. Given that environmental certifications are becoming an imperative in sale pitching, sustainable energy is of paramount importance.

中國在高科技和環保產品上已經征服了全球市場。中國制造業出口產品有四分之一是高科技產品。中國的太陽能電池板和風能產品分別占據全球市場的近80%和超60%。隨著環保認證逐漸成為銷售中的強制性要求，可持續能源也變得極為重要。

 

Importantly, China is also the largest manufacturer of electric vehicles. These and other indicators clearly position China in the pole position in any race for quality production. 

重要的是，中國還是電動汽車的最大生產國。種種因素讓中國在高品質生產中站穩了領跑位置。

 

The US is the world's largest economy and there is much to admire about some of its achievements. But China's strength is important for balancing the world domineering ambitions of US politicians. Therefore, the Global South would benefit if an optimistic and visionary China emerges from the annual sessions of the National People's Congress and the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference — a China that will continue to promote global peace, prosperity and sustainability.

美國是全世界最大的經濟體，對于美國的一些成就有很多值得欽佩的地方。但是中國力量對于平衡美國政客主導世界的野心也很重要。所以，如果從兩會中看到一個樂觀、有遠見的中國，一個繼續推動全球和平、繁榮和可持續發展的中國，發展中國家將因此受益。

 

本文作者Otton Solis（奧頓·索利斯）是西班牙IE大學的教授、北京對話俱樂部高級會員、2018-2022年間哥斯達黎加前總統特別顧問。

 

英文來源：中國日報

編譯：丹妮

審稿：董靜、齊磊

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